linking verb (Michael Lin Lin)
Linking Verb ဆုိတာ ဘာလဲ ေမးလာလုိ႔ .မဖတ္ရေသးသူမ်ား အတြက္ ျပန္တင္ပါသည္။ အသစ္ထပ္ထည္ ႔ခ်င္ေပမယ္႔ အခ်ိန္မအားလုိ႔ ဒီအတုိင္းပဲ တင္လုိက္ပါတယ္ ။
Copular Verbs ( Copulas )
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ဒီအေၾကာင္းကုိေရးခ်င္တာလည္းၾကာျပီ။ အခ်ိန္အားမထြက္ႏုိင္တာေၾကာင့္ အေသးစိတ္ မေရးျဖစ္ခဲ့ဘူး။ အတန္းၾကီးလာသည္အထိ တစ္ခါလာလည္း verb to be / verb to do / verb to have ေတြေလာက္သာ ေအာ္ဆုိေနတာ ရပ္သင့္ျပီလုိ႔လည္း ယူဆပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္မုိ႔ သိသေလာက္ေလး Copular Verb ေတြကုိ၊ Grammar နဲ႔သက္ဆုိင္ေသာ နာမည္မ်ားကုိ အတတ္ႏုိင္ဆုံး ေရွာင္ျပီး သုံးတတ္ဖုိ႔ ဦးစားေပးျပီး ေရးပါမည္။
Copular Verbs =-Linking Verbs
=======================
- Linking Verbs are verbs that express a state of being. (existence)
Linking Verbs ေတြဟာ ျဖစ္တည္မႈ အေနအထား( အေျခအေန)ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပပါတယ္။
1. John is nice.
ဒီေနရာမွာသုံးတဲ့ verb ( is ) ဟာ John ရယ္.. nice ဆုိေသာ adjective ကုိ Link ( ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ )လုပ္ေပးျပီး John ဟာဘာလဲ ဆုိတဲ့ အေျခအေနကုိ ေဖာ္ျပတယ္
(Tanner feels sick. (Feels links Tanner to an adjective describing him.)
2. He looked hungry.
သူ ဗုိက္ဆာေနပုံပဲ။
He looked a good player.
ကစားသမားေကာင္း ပုံေပၚတယ္။ ( ေပါက္တယ္ )
ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ သုံးလုိက္တဲ့ verb ဟာ Linking Verb ဟုတ္လား ၊ မဟုတ္ဘူးလားဆုိတာ သုံးလုိက္ေသာ verb ေနရာမွာ verb to be အစားထုိးျပီး သုံးလုိ႔ ရလား၊ မရဘူးလား စမ္းၾကည့္ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ သိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
The flower looks beautiful.
The flower is beautiful. အဓိပၸါယ္ ပ်က္မသြားပါဘူး။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီ၀ါက်မွာ Looks က linking verb ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
- Alan seems drunk.
Alan is drunk. ( drunk - adj ) အရက္မူးေသာ
- အခ်ိဳ႕ Linking Verb ေတြ ေနာက္မွာ Noun or Adj လုိက္ပါတယ္။
She was a good friend. = N + V + N
She was very happy. = N + V + Adj.
He became headmaster. = N + V + N ( ဒီေနရာမွာ article မပါတာ သတိျပဳပါ )
He became angry. = N + V + Adj.
She seemed an intelligent woman.
She seemed intelligent.
He looked hungry.
He looked a good player.
appear /seem / turn out စသည္ ေနာက္မွာ.. to be: ကုိထည့္သုံးၾကတယ္။
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You've got to appear ( to be ) calm in an interview even if you're terrified underneath.
To people who don't know him he probably appears ( to be ) rather unfriendly.
( Noun ႏွင့္ Adj -အျပင္ အျခားေသာ ၊ Linking Verb( Copular) ေနာက္မွာ လုိက္ႏုိင္ေသာ အပုိင္းမ်ားကုိ ခ်န္ထားပါသည္ )
Couplar Verb ေတြကုိ အဓိက အမ်ိဳးအစား ႏွစ္ခုခြဲႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
1. Current Copular verbs
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သူတုိ႕က - အေပၚမွာ ဆုိခဲ့သလုိ State of existence : ကုိျပပါတယ္။
ဒီ Verb ေတြနဲ႕ သုံးတယ္။
- be
- seem
- appear
- keep
- remain
- stay
A. Likelihood - ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေျခ ဆုိရင္ .. Seem / appear
B. Continuation of some current state - လက္ရိွ အေနအထားအတုိင္း ဆက္ျဖစ္တာမ်ိဳး ဆုိရင္ ..remain/ keep/ stay
C. Personal attitudes . ကုိယ့္အထင္..ကုိယ္ပုိင္ သေဘာထား.ကုိေဖာ္ျပရင္- seem.
Verb to be . ( am, is, are ) က အသိမ်ားလုိ႕ ခ်န္ထားမယ္။
>She seemed happy enough this morning.
>The plan seemed quite simple.
> It was a great party; Everything seems fine.
> He seems intelligent.
> She appears upset about the announcement.
ေၾကျငာခ်က္နဲ႕ ပက္သက္လုိ႕ သူမ မေက်နပ္( စိတ္ပ်က္ပုံရတယ္ ) ပုံေပၚတယ္။
> She seemed slightly embarrassed to see us there.
> A flaw in the design appeared to be the cause of the collapse.
> She remains faithful, even though it has been two years since he left.
သူထြက္သြားခဲ့တာ ၂ ႏွစ္ရိွျပီဆုိေပမယ့္ သူ(မ) က သစၥာရိွဆဲပဲ။
>The spectators remained silent after the injury on the field.
>He remained silent.
> It remains a secret.
> She eats only the bare minimum to stay alive.
> Put a lid on the pan so the food will stay hot.
> The shops stay open until 9 o' clock.
> They stayed friends after their divorce.
> Andrew felt his whole body limp.
Sensory Copular Verbs
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ဆုိျပီးလည္း ခြဲေျပာၾကေသးတယ္..
- look
- feel
- sound
- smell
- taste
အာရုံငါးပါးနဲ႕ ပတ္သက္ေသာ အဲ့ဒီအသုံးေတြ အကုန္လုံးကုိေတာ့ Group မွာ အေသးစိတ္ေရး ခဲ့ျပီးပါျပီ။ရွာဖတ္ၾကည့္ပါ။
2.Resulting Copular verbs
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အေၾကာင္းအရာတစ္ခ်ိဳ၏ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈ႕ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္လာေသာ ရလဒ္ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပ။
- become
- get
- go
- grow
- prove
- come
- turn
- turn out
- end up
- wind up
( Resulting Copular Verbs ပုံစံ အသုံးကုိ ဦးစားေပးျပီးေရးပါမယ္)
(ဒီေနရာမွာ အဆုိပါ Verb ေတြဟာ Linking verb အေနျဖင့္ေရာ ..Non- Link Verb ျဖင့္ေရာ သုံးပါတယ္။ ခြဲဖုိ႕နည္းကေတာ့ verb အစားထုိးၾကည့္ပါ။ )
The leaves are turning brown. သစ္ရြက္ေတြေတာင္ ညိဳလာျပီ။
The leaves are brown. သစ္ရြက္ေတြ ညိဳတယ္။
- ဒီေနရာမွာ verb to be အစားထုိးရင္ မူလ အဓိပၸါယ္နဲ႕ အလြန္မကြာေသာ ၀ါက် ျဖစ္ပါေသးတယ္။
ဒါေပမယ့္.. I turned the door handle. ကၽြန္ေတာ္ တံခါးလက္ကုိင္ကုိ လွည့္တယ္။
I am the door handle. ..ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီေနရာမွာေတာ့ Turn က အထက္က Turn လုိ.. Copular Verb or Linking Verb မဟုတ္ေတာ့ပါဘူး။
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က တံခါးလက္ကုိင္ဆုိေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္လြဲေနျပီ ။
ဒီေနရာမွာ သိရမွာက....... Her face is red. သူ(မ) မ်က္ႏွာ နီတယ္။
Her face turns red. သူ(မ) မ်က္ႏွာ နီသြားတယ္.. ( ၾကိယာေထာက္ )
The leaves are yellow. သစ္ရြက္ေတြက ၀ါတယ္။
The leaves are turning yellow. သစ္ရြက္ေတြေတာင္ ၀ါလာျပီ။
.
Don't get angry.
Don't be angry.
He's growing old
သူ အသက္ၾကီးလာျပီ။
He's old.
သူက အုိေနျပီ။
Her dreams have come true.
သူ(မ)႔အိပ္မက္ေတြ တကယ္ျဖစ္လာျပီ
Her dreams are true.
သူ(မ) စိတ္ကူးအိပ္မက္ေတြက တကယ္ျဖစ္ေနတယ္။
The meat has gone bad.
The meat is bad.
The milk turned sour.
႔ႏုိ႔ေတြ ခ်ဥ္သြားတယ္။
The milk was sour.
ႏို႕ေတြ ခ်ဥ္ေနတယ္။
The well has run dry
- ေရတြင္းက ခန္းသြားျပီ။
The well is dry
ေရတြင္းက ခန္းတယ္။
His jokes are becoming boring.
သူ႔ဟာသေတြက ပ်င္းစရာေကာင္းလာျပီ။ ( မရယ္ရေတာ့ဘူး )
The material is wearing thin.
ပစၥည္းက ပါးလာတယ္။
A. Become
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become apparent.
become clear
become difficult
become important
become available
become aware
become silent
become evident
become familiar
become possible
- She has become even more beautiful.(Adj)
သူ ပုိျပီးလွလာတယ္။
- She is beautiful.
သူက လွတယ္။
- She became a doctor. (N)
သူ ဆရာ၀န္ ျဖစ္သြားျပီ။
- She is a doctor.
သူ က ဆရာ၀န္။
- Her coat has become badly torn. (Adj)
သူ႔ ကုတ္အကၤ်ီက အေတာ္ စုတ္ေနျပီ။
- It was apparent that she was going to die.
သူ(မ) ဆုံးေတာ့မယ္ဆုိတာ သိသာတယ္။
- It become apparent that she was going to die.
သူ(မ) ဆုံးေတာ့မယ္ဆုိတာ သိသာလာတယ္။ ( ျမင္သာလာတယ္ )
- It is apparent to all of us that you haven't done your work properly.
မင္းအလုပ္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းမလုပ္ဘူးဆုိတာ ေပၚလြင္ပါတယ္။
- It becomes apparent to all of us that you haven't don't your work properly.
မင္းအလုပ္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းမလုပ္ဘူးဆုိတာ ေပၚလြင္လာျပီ။
- It is rapidly becoming clear ( to me) (that) I'm not suited to being a teacher.
ဆရာအလုပ္နဲ႕ ကၽြန္ေတာ္နဲ႕ မကုိက္ဘူးဆုိတာ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း ျဖစ္လာျပီ။
- He became suspicious when he saw the safe was open.
မီခံေသတၱာပြင့္ေနတာ ျမင္ေတာ့ သူ သံသယျဖစ္သြားတယ္။ ( မသကၤာ ျဖစ္သြားတယ္ )
- It is cold, so we lit the fire.
ေအးတယ္..ဒါေၾကာင့္ မီးဖုိလုိက္တယ္။
- It was becoming cold, so we lit the fire.
ေအးလာတယ္ ဒါေၾကာင့္ မီးဖုိလုိက္တယ္။
-Of the four million people who are vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.
ျဗိတိန္က သက္သက္လြတ္စားသူ ေလးသန္းအနက္မွ သုံးပုံႏွစ္ပုံနီးပါးဟာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြ ျဖစ္တယ္။
-Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.
ျဗိတိန္က သက္သက္လြတ္သမား ျဖစ္လာသူ ေလးသန္းအနက္မွ သုံးပုံနွစ္ပုံနီးပါးဟာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကတယ္။
- He is a US citizen.
သူက အေမရိကန္ႏုိင္ငံသား
-When did he become a US citizen?
သူ ဘယ္တုန္းက အေမရိကန္ နို္င္ငံသား ျဖစ္လာခဲ့တာလဲ။
People can become infected after eating raw or undercooked meat.
အသားစိမ္း သုိ႔မဟုတ္ မက်က္တက်က္ ခ်က္ထားတဲ့အသားေတြကုိ စားျပီးေနာက္ လူေတြ ေရာဂါပုိး၀င္တာ( ကူးစက္တာ ) ျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္။
-The full extent of the damage only became evident the following morning.
ပ်က္စီးမႈ အားလုံး၏ ပမာဏဟာ ေနာက္ေန႔မနက္ ခင္းမွသာ သိသာ ထင္ရွားေပၚလြင္လာတယ္။
- Sue stopped smoking when she became pregnant.
ကုိယ္၀န္ရိွလာေတာ့ ေဆးလိပ္ ျဖတ္လုိက္တယ္။
- She is pregnant. သူကုိယ္၀န္ရိွေနတယ္။
B. Get
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Get ကုိ. ေျပာင္းလဲေနတဲ ခံစားရအေတြ႕အၾကဳံ..၊ စိတ္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ.. ရုပ္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈေတြကုိ ေဖာ္ျပရာမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။
They helped Scott get ready.
သူတုိ႔ဟာ Scott ကုိ အဆင္သင့္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ကူညီတယ္။
It's getting colder.
ပုိေအးလာျပီ။
Well he's only gonna get worse.
And if she doesn't win, she either gets upset and cries or get angry.
And people get pissed off, don't they?
လူေတြ စိတ္ကုန္လာျပီ . မဟုတ္လား..
The police department is getting tough on crime.
ရဲဌာနေတာ့ မႈခင္းေတြကုိ ျပတ္ျပတ္သားသား ကုိင္တြယ္ေနျပီ ။ ( ပြဲၾကမ္းေနျပီ)
-I think it's time the police got tougher on/with ( = treated more severely) people who drink and drive.
အရက္ေသာက္ျပီး ေမာင္းတဲ့ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းေတြကုိ ပုိျပီး ျပတ္ျပတ္သားသား ကုိင္တြယ္ခ်ိန္ ေရာက္ျပီလုိ႕ငါ ယူဆတယ္။
get ready
get worse.
get upset
get angry
get pissed off
get mixed up
get cold
get bigger
get better
get bored
get dressed up
get drunk
get lost
get mad
get old/ older
get sick
get tired
get wet
- My bike got wet in the rain.
ငါ့စက္ဘီး မုိးေရစုိသြားတယ္။
- My bike is wet in the rain.
ငါ့ စက္ဘီး မုိးေရ စုိေနတယ္။
- She got too tired to walk.
သူ ေမာလာလုိ႔ လမ္းမေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး။ ( မေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ကုိ ေမာ )
- She was too tired to walk.
သူ ေမာလြန္းလုိ႔ လမ္းမေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး
The theater is dark.
ျပဇာတ္ရုံက ေမွာင္တယ္။
-The theater gets dark when the show is about to begin.
ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖမႈ စခါနီးေတာ့ ျပဇာတ္ရုံက ေမွာင္သြားတယ္။
- He gets really upset if you mention his baldness.
သူ႔ထိပ္ေျပာင္တာကုိ ထည့္ေျပာရင္ သူတကယ္ စိတ္ဆုိးမွာ။
- Is your cold getting any better?
အေအးမိတာ သက္သာလာျပီလား။
- Your coffee's getting cold.
မင္း ေကာ္ဖီေတြ ေအးေနျပီ ။ ( ေအးလာျပီ )
- After a while you get used to all the noise.
မၾကာခင္ ခင္ဗ်ား ဒီဆူဆူညံညံ အသံေတြနဲ႕ ေနသားက်သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္။
- You're getting quite a big boy now, aren't you!
( မင္းေတာ္ေတာ္ ထြားလာတာပဲ..)
- He got fed up with all the travelling he had to do.
( ျငီးေငြ႕ စိတ္ပ်က္လာျပီ )
The trouble with this carpet is that it gets dirty very easily.
ျပႆနာက ဒီေကာေဇာကအရမ္း ညစ္ပတ္လြယ္တာ။
Your essay gets a bit confused halfway through when you introduce too many ideas at once.
The music just gets distorted when you play it so loud.
It was getting dark now and we were tired.
[ + to infinitive ] How did you get to be a belly dancer?
C. Go
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-( မလုပ္ခ်င္ေသာ၊ မျဖစ္ခ်င္ေသာ) အေျခအေနတစ္ရပ္ သုိ႕ ေျပာင္းတာမ်ိဳးမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။
You can't go wrong with that , can you ?
အဲ့ဒါ မွားလုိ႕ မရဘူးေနာ္.
Yeah I know . I would go mad.
-Mama is crazy .
Mama က ေဂါက္ေနတာ။
-Mama will go crazy.
Mama ရူးေတာ့မယ္။
go crazy
go mad
go wrong
go bad
go cold
go deaf
go funny
go limp
go quiet
go red
go wild
go limp
- These apples have gone bad.
ဒီပန္းသီးေတြ ပုပ္ကုန္ျပီ။
- Paul will go mad when he finds out you've broken his watch.
မင္းေၾကာင့္ သူနာရီကြဲသြားတာ သိလုိ႔ကေတာ့ Paul မင္းကုိ စိတ္ဆုိးေတာ့မွာ။
- Because the book's so old, the pages are going yellow.
စာအုပ္က ေဟာင္းလြန္းေတာ့ စာရြက္ေတြက ၀ါ ကုန္ျပီ။
- The cars pull away when the lights go green.
မီးေတြစိမ္းေတာ့ ကားေတြ သြားၾကတယ္။
The lights are green. မီးပိြဳင္႔က စိမ္းေနတာ။ (အေျခအေန )
The lights go green. မီးပိြဳင္႔ စိမ္းျပီ။ ( ေျပာင္းသြားတာ)
-Many small businesses went broke during the recession.
စီးပြားေရး က်ဆင္းမႈမွာ အေသးစားလုပ္ငန္မ်ားစြာဟာ ေငြေၾကး မေခ်ာင္လည္ၾဘူး။ ( ဘုိင္ျပတ္ )
- He goes all misty-eyed whenever he hears that song.
အဲ့ဒီ သီခ်င္းေလးၾကားတုိင္း သူမ်က္ရည္၀ုိင္းလာတယ္။
- Her father's going senile/blind/deaf.
သူ႔အေဖ သူငယ္ျပန္သြားျပီ။
Her father's going blind.
မ်က္စိကြယ္သြား၊
Her father's going deaf.
နားေလးသြား
If anything goes wrong , you can call our emergency hotline free of charge.
After 12 years of Republican presidents, the US went Democratic in 1992.
The idea of going grey doesn't bother me, but I'd hate to go bald.
D. Grow
---------
- တျဖည္းျဖည္း ေျပာင္းလာတာမ်ိဳး.....လူ႕ပေယာဂေၾကာင့္နဲ႕ အျခားအေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင့္.
We should grow old here together.
The wind dropped and it suddenly grew cold.
The girl's deep black eyes grew darker.
She continued to lose weight and grow weaker.
Some couples are lucky enough to grow old together.
He grew bored of the countryside.
Growing old is so awful.
grow tired/old/calm,
- Her hair has grown long.
သူမ ဆံပင္ေတြ ရွည္ေနျပီ။
grow old ..
grow angry
grow big
grow bright
grow cold
grow dark
grow hot
grow pale
grow tall
grow tired
grow warm
grow weak
grow calm,
ပုိအုိလာတယ္... ပုိေသးလာတယ္.. ပုိအားနည္းလာတယ္..ပုိ၍ပူလာတယ္ ပုိဆုိးလာတယ္..စသည္ျဖင့္။
သူတုိ႕ေနာက္မွာ Comparative adjective ေတြလည္းလုိက္ပါတယ္။
grow bigger
grow weaker
grow worse
PROVE
======
Prove costly
Prove decisive
Prove difficult
Prove fatal
Prove necessary
Prove popular
Prove possible
Prove successful
Prove suitable
Prove useful
Prove wrong
- His suspicions proved (to be) correct.
သူ သံသယျဖစ္သည့္အတုိင္း မွန္ကန္ေၾကာင္းေတြ႔ရသည္။
- This tool proved very useful.
ဒီကိရိယာဟာ အလြန္အသုံး၀င္ေၾကာင္းေတြ႕ရတယ္။
( This tool is very useful )
- Building the house proves difficult for them.
သူတုိ႔အဖုိ႔ အိမ္ေဆာက္တာ မလြယ္ေၾကာင္းေတြ႔ရတယ္။
( Building the house is difficult for them.)
( It is difficult for them to build the house. )
-The operation proved a complete success.
The dispute over the song rights proved impossible to resolve.
The new treatment has proved to be a disaster.
The army has proved ineffective in protecting the civilian population.
The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved very unpopular.
The government's claim that it would reduce taxes proved false.
Such data will prove invaluable to researchers.
Come
-------
Come alive
Come awake
Come clean
Come loose
Come short
Come true
Come unstuck
A wire has come loose at the back.
အေနာက္မွာ ၀ါယာၾကိဳး တစ္ခု ေခ်ာင္ေနတယ္ .( ေလ်ာ့တိ၊ ေလ်ာ့ရဲျဖစ္ေန )
The door came open for no apparent reason.
တံခါးက ဘာေၾကာင့္မွန္းမသိ ပြင့္သြားတယ္။ ( တံခါးၾကီး ပြင္လာတယ္ )
Dreams come true when we believe in them.
ယုံၾကည္ရင္ စိတ္ကူး အိပ္မက္ ( ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ )ေတြ တကယ္ျဖစ္လာမွာပါ။
TURN
-------
Turn Brown
Turn black
Turn red
Turn white
Turn pale
- His hair is gray.
သူ႕ဆံပင္ျဖဴတယ္။
His hair turned gray. ( has turned )
သူ႔ဆံပင္ ျဖဴကုန္ျပီ။
- The weather has suddenly turned cold.
ရာသီဥတုက ရုတ္တရက္ ေအးလာတယ္။။
- The weather is cold
ရာသီဥတုေအးတယ္။
- When I refused to pay, he turned nasty.
ငါ ပုိက္ဆံ မေပးဘူးျငင္းေတာ့ .. သူေဒါပြသြားတယ္။
- She turned nasty when I refuse to go with her.
အတူမသြားဘူးလုိ႔ ေျပာလုိက္ေတာ့ သူ(မ) ေဒါပြသြားတယ္။
- She turned pale and started to shiver.
သူ(မ) ေသြးဆုတ္သြားျပီးေတာ့ ဆတ္ဆတ္တုန္ေတာ့တာပဲ။
The embers turn ashy as they cool.
မီးက်ီးခဲေတြ ျငိမ္းသြားေတာ့ ( ေအးသြားေတာ့ ) ျပာျဖစ္သြားတယ္။
Turn out, End up / wind up
-------------------------------------
ဒီ Phrasal verb ေတြကုိလည္း Linking Verb အေနျဖင့္သုံးပါတယ္။ အသုံးနည္းေပမယ့္ . ေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။
Turn out ကုိ(ကိစၥ) ျဖစ္စဥ္တစ္ခုရဲ႕ အဆုံးမွတ္ကုိ ကုိ အေလးအနက္ ျပဳေျပာဆုိတဲ့အခါ သုံးပါတယ္။
- I fell in the paint and ended up green
ငါ ေဆး( ပုံ) ထဲ လဲက်တာ ျပီး (တကုိယ္လုံး ) စိမ္းသြားပါေလေရာ။
- A lot of times they turned out wrong.
- The marriage will turn out all right.
End up / Wind up ကုိ မရည္ရြယ္ထားေသာ အျပဳသေဘာမေဆာင္သည့္ အျဖစ္အပ်က္၊ တစ္စုံတစ္ေယာက္ ၏ ဆႏၵမရိွေသာလုပ္ရပ္၏ အက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈ အေျခအေနကုိ ေဖာ္ျပရာမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။
- And this argument went on, Danny ended up in tears and I ended up really angry.
- And the young bucks who tore the place apart, challenging the far north with their frail planes, invariably wound up dead.
He says Marilyn ended up pregnant after her affair with President Kennedy.
-But If you did manage to get her back with her husband again, I'm sure she would end up forever suspicious, bitter and soured.
Turn out + good , nasty, nice, all right , wrong
End up + angry
wind up dead
end up pregnant
end up forever
-I was depressed but I drank so much coffee that I ended up lively
ငါ ထုိင္းမိႈင္းေနတာ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေကာ္ဖီေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး ေသာက္လုိက္မွပဲ လန္းသြားေတာ့တယ္။ ( အမ်ားၾကီး
- I never thought I would end up a movie star. (noun phrase)
ဒီလုိ ရုပ္ရွင္ မင္းသား တစ္ေယာက္ ျဖစ္လာခဲ့မယ္ တစ္ခါမွ မေတြးဖူးဘူး။
( I never thought I would be a movie star)
- I never thought I would end up rich and famous. (adjectives)
( I never thought I would be rich and famous )
- The truth turned out ( to be) stranger than we had expected.
အမွန္တရားဟာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားတာထက္ ပုိျပီး အံျသစရာေကာင္းေနတယ္ဆုိတာ သိလာရတယ္။
- He turned out( to be) right.
သူမွန္သြားတယ္။
( He is right )
- You don't want to wind up homeless, do you?
မင္း အုိးမဲ့ အိမ္မဲ့ ( အိမ္ေျခမဲ့ ) ဘ၀နဲ႕ အဆုံး မသတ္ခ်င္ဘူး မွတ္လာ။ ( မဟုတ္လား )
- You don't want to be homeless, do you ?
မင္းအိမ္ယာမဲ့ မျဖစ္ခ်င္ဘူး မဟုတ္လား။
-She'll end up penniless if she carries on spending like that.
ဒီလုိသာ ဆက္သုံးေနရင္ တျပားမွ က်န္မွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ( တျပားမွ မက်န္ဘဲ ဇတ္သိမ္းသြားမယ္ )
Penniless (adj) having no money = ျခဴးတစ္ျပားမရိွေသာ
( She will be penniless )
Hold + Adj စသည့္ ပုံစံႏွင့္
အျခားေသာ ပုံစံကြဲေတြ ရိွပါတယ္။
- ကုိယ္တုိင္ေလ့လာႏုိင္ပါေစ။..
The old adage that 'money talks' still holds true ( = is still true) .
It still holds good. ေကာင္းတုန္းပဲ။
It is still good. ေကာင္းတုန္းပဲ။
The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun.( adj)
She sat motionless, waiting for their decision. (adj)
He fell unconscious on the floor. (adj)
Children find it difficult to sit/stand/stay still for very long.
I can't brush your hair if you don't keep/hold still.
No. 1 ကုိလည္း အေသးစိတ္ တင္ေပးပါမယ္။
ကုိးကား.Guide to English Sentence Patterns.by AS Homby.
- Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 3rd Edition.
- Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English
- Student's English- English /Myanmar Dictionar.
- Practical English Usage : Michael Swan
အေဟာင္းေတြ ျပန္ရွာျပီး စုတင္ေပးပါမယ္.။... အရင္က ဟာတစ္ေပါင္းတည္းျဖစ္ေအာင္လုိ႔.. (.
နင့္ရုပ္ၾကီးက ဆုိးလုိက္တာ.........smile emoticon smile emoticon
မင္းလက္ေလးက ႏူ႕ညံေနတာပဲ.
သူ႕အသံေလးက သာယာလုိက္တာ
ပန္းကေလးက ေမႊးေနလုိက္တာ
လိပ္ျပာေလးက လွတယ္။ စသည့္ အာရုံေတြထဲကေန..
ရူပါရုံ ...Sight . .နဲ႔ပါတ္သတ္တာကုိ အဂၤလိပ္လုိ လြယ္လြယ္ေလးေတြးနဲ႕ ေျပာက်င့္ရေအာင္။
Look at the butterfly.
It looks beautiful. ဒီေန႕ရာမွာ Look ကုိဘာသာျပန္ မေနပဲ is အေနနဲ႕သာ ဆုိၾကည့္ရင္ အဆင္ေျပပါတယ္။ It is beautiful. လိပ္ျပာေလးက လွလုိက္တာပဲေပါ့။ Verb of incomplete Predication လုိ႕ေခၚတယ္။ Linking Verb လုိ႕လည္းေခၚပါတယ္။... Adjective အဓိပၸါယ္..ေသာ ကေန .....တယ္၊ ......သည္ ျဖစ္သြားတယ္။
ပုဂံမွာ ေန၀င္ဆည္းဆာၾကည့္တယ္ဆုိပါစုိ႕။
1. Look at the sunset.
It looks beautiful.
လွလုိက္တာ..
မုိးရြာျပီးစ ..ေကာင္းကင္ၾကီးမွာ သက္တန္႕ၾကီးကုိ ကေလးဘ၀က ေပ်ာ္ရြင္စြာ အသံနဲ႕.
သက္တန္႕ၾကီး ၾကည့္လုိက္ပါအုံး...
2.look at the rainbow.
It looks amazing!
အရုပ္ဆုိးဆုိး မ်က္ႏွာဖုံးၾကီးတစ္ခု ဆုိပါစုိ႕.
3.Look at the mask.
It looks ugly.
ညအခ်ိန္ စလုိက္မီးေတြ အျပည့္နဲ႕ ေရႊေရာင္ေတြလင္းျဖာေနတဲ့ ျမင္ကြင္းကုိ ျပည္သူ႕ဥယ်ာဥ္အေရွ႕ကပဲျဖတ္ျဖတ္၊ ဘယ္နားက ၾကည့္ၾကည့္ ေျပာျဖစ္မဲ့ စကားေလးပါ။ (အခုေတာ့ လူေတြက သူတုိ႕ပဲ အပုိင္ ဖူးေမွ်ာ္ဖုိ႕ အထပ္ျမင့္ၾကီးေတြနဲ႕ ကြယ္ခ်င္ေနျပီ )
4.Look at the Shwedagon.
It looks wonderful!
It looks magnificent !
It looks beautiful
ဧရာ၀တီ ျမစ္ၾကီးေဘးမွာ ၾကယ္ေတြၾကည့္ျပီး ဂီတာတဲ့ ညေတြ၊ စစ္ကုိင္း ပုထုိးေတာ္ၾကီးေပၚက ျမင္ရတဲ့ ျမင္ကြင္းေတြ၊ကုိေတြးၾကည့္ျပီ...
5. Look at the Irrawaddy
It looks amazing!
It looks breathtaking !
ေစ်းသြားရတဲ့ သူေတြ သုံးရမဲ႕ စကားလုံးေလး။ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံေတာ့ ပုံေပၚတယ္၊ ဟန္ရိွတယ္.. အသြင္ရိွတယ္.. လကၡဏာရိွတယ္ စသည့္ျဖင့္ သင့္သလုိ ဘာသာျပန္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဘာသာမျပန္ပဲ ေလ့က်င့္ရင္ ပုိျပီး အေျပာျမန္ႏုိင္မယ္ယူဆပါတယ္။
6. That fish looks rotten. ငါးေတြက လတ္ပုံမရဘူး။ ( Rotten =decayed
7. You looks happy.
ကိတ္မုန္႕ေတြဖုတ္ထားတယ္ဆုိပါစုိ႕ အခ်ိန္လြန္သြားတယ္။
8. They don't' look good.
9.How does the butterfly look?
လိပ္ျပာေလးက ဘယ္လုိလဲ ( ဘယ္လုိပုံလဲ )
It looks beautiful.
10. How does the the rose look?
11. How does the Shwedagon look?
12. How does the Irrawaddy look?
က်န္တဲ့ ...အာရုံေတြ .. တခုျပီးတစ္ခု ေရးသြားပါမယ္.. ေအာ္ဖတ္ၾကည့္ပါ
Copular Verbs ( Copulas )
====================
ဒီအေၾကာင္းကုိေရးခ်င္တာလည္းၾကာျပီ။ အခ်ိန္အားမထြက္ႏုိင္တာေၾကာင့္ အေသးစိတ္ မေရးျဖစ္ခဲ့ဘူး။ အတန္းၾကီးလာသည္အထိ တစ္ခါလာလည္း verb to be / verb to do / verb to have ေတြေလာက္သာ ေအာ္ဆုိေနတာ ရပ္သင့္ျပီလုိ႔လည္း ယူဆပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္မုိ႔ သိသေလာက္ေလး Copular Verb ေတြကုိ၊ Grammar နဲ႔သက္ဆုိင္ေသာ နာမည္မ်ားကုိ အတတ္ႏုိင္ဆုံး ေရွာင္ျပီး သုံးတတ္ဖုိ႔ ဦးစားေပးျပီး ေရးပါမည္။
Copular Verbs =-Linking Verbs
=======================
- Linking Verbs are verbs that express a state of being. (existence)
Linking Verbs ေတြဟာ ျဖစ္တည္မႈ အေနအထား( အေျခအေန)ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပပါတယ္။
1. John is nice.
ဒီေနရာမွာသုံးတဲ့ verb ( is ) ဟာ John ရယ္.. nice ဆုိေသာ adjective ကုိ Link ( ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ )လုပ္ေပးျပီး John ဟာဘာလဲ ဆုိတဲ့ အေျခအေနကုိ ေဖာ္ျပတယ္
(Tanner feels sick. (Feels links Tanner to an adjective describing him.)
2. He looked hungry.
သူ ဗုိက္ဆာေနပုံပဲ။
He looked a good player.
ကစားသမားေကာင္း ပုံေပၚတယ္။ ( ေပါက္တယ္ )
ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ သုံးလုိက္တဲ့ verb ဟာ Linking Verb ဟုတ္လား ၊ မဟုတ္ဘူးလားဆုိတာ သုံးလုိက္ေသာ verb ေနရာမွာ verb to be အစားထုိးျပီး သုံးလုိ႔ ရလား၊ မရဘူးလား စမ္းၾကည့္ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ သိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
The flower looks beautiful.
The flower is beautiful. အဓိပၸါယ္ ပ်က္မသြားပါဘူး။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီ၀ါက်မွာ Looks က linking verb ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
- Alan seems drunk.
Alan is drunk. ( drunk - adj ) အရက္မူးေသာ
- အခ်ိဳ႕ Linking Verb ေတြ ေနာက္မွာ Noun or Adj လုိက္ပါတယ္။
She was a good friend. = N + V + N
She was very happy. = N + V + Adj.
He became headmaster. = N + V + N ( ဒီေနရာမွာ article မပါတာ သတိျပဳပါ )
He became angry. = N + V + Adj.
She seemed an intelligent woman.
She seemed intelligent.
He looked hungry.
He looked a good player.
appear /seem / turn out စသည္ ေနာက္မွာ.. to be: ကုိထည့္သုံးၾကတယ္။
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You've got to appear ( to be ) calm in an interview even if you're terrified underneath.
To people who don't know him he probably appears ( to be ) rather unfriendly.
( Noun ႏွင့္ Adj -အျပင္ အျခားေသာ ၊ Linking Verb( Copular) ေနာက္မွာ လုိက္ႏုိင္ေသာ အပုိင္းမ်ားကုိ ခ်န္ထားပါသည္ )
Couplar Verb ေတြကုိ အဓိက အမ်ိဳးအစား ႏွစ္ခုခြဲႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
1. Current Copular verbs
===================
သူတုိ႕က - အေပၚမွာ ဆုိခဲ့သလုိ State of existence : ကုိျပပါတယ္။
ဒီ Verb ေတြနဲ႕ သုံးတယ္။
- be
- seem
- appear
- keep
- remain
- stay
A. Likelihood - ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေျခ ဆုိရင္ .. Seem / appear
B. Continuation of some current state - လက္ရိွ အေနအထားအတုိင္း ဆက္ျဖစ္တာမ်ိဳး ဆုိရင္ ..remain/ keep/ stay
C. Personal attitudes . ကုိယ့္အထင္..ကုိယ္ပုိင္ သေဘာထား.ကုိေဖာ္ျပရင္- seem.
Verb to be . ( am, is, are ) က အသိမ်ားလုိ႕ ခ်န္ထားမယ္။
>She seemed happy enough this morning.
>The plan seemed quite simple.
> It was a great party; Everything seems fine.
> He seems intelligent.
> She appears upset about the announcement.
ေၾကျငာခ်က္နဲ႕ ပက္သက္လုိ႕ သူမ မေက်နပ္( စိတ္ပ်က္ပုံရတယ္ ) ပုံေပၚတယ္။
> She seemed slightly embarrassed to see us there.
> A flaw in the design appeared to be the cause of the collapse.
> She remains faithful, even though it has been two years since he left.
သူထြက္သြားခဲ့တာ ၂ ႏွစ္ရိွျပီဆုိေပမယ့္ သူ(မ) က သစၥာရိွဆဲပဲ။
>The spectators remained silent after the injury on the field.
>He remained silent.
> It remains a secret.
> She eats only the bare minimum to stay alive.
> Put a lid on the pan so the food will stay hot.
> The shops stay open until 9 o' clock.
> They stayed friends after their divorce.
> Andrew felt his whole body limp.
Sensory Copular Verbs
-------------------------------
ဆုိျပီးလည္း ခြဲေျပာၾကေသးတယ္..
- look
- feel
- sound
- smell
- taste
အာရုံငါးပါးနဲ႕ ပတ္သက္ေသာ အဲ့ဒီအသုံးေတြ အကုန္လုံးကုိေတာ့ Group မွာ အေသးစိတ္ေရး ခဲ့ျပီးပါျပီ။ရွာဖတ္ၾကည့္ပါ။
2.Resulting Copular verbs
===================
အေၾကာင္းအရာတစ္ခ်ိဳ၏ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈ႕ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္လာေသာ ရလဒ္ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပ။
- become
- get
- go
- grow
- prove
- come
- turn
- turn out
- end up
- wind up
( Resulting Copular Verbs ပုံစံ အသုံးကုိ ဦးစားေပးျပီးေရးပါမယ္)
(ဒီေနရာမွာ အဆုိပါ Verb ေတြဟာ Linking verb အေနျဖင့္ေရာ ..Non- Link Verb ျဖင့္ေရာ သုံးပါတယ္။ ခြဲဖုိ႕နည္းကေတာ့ verb အစားထုိးၾကည့္ပါ။ )
The leaves are turning brown. သစ္ရြက္ေတြေတာင္ ညိဳလာျပီ။
The leaves are brown. သစ္ရြက္ေတြ ညိဳတယ္။
- ဒီေနရာမွာ verb to be အစားထုိးရင္ မူလ အဓိပၸါယ္နဲ႕ အလြန္မကြာေသာ ၀ါက် ျဖစ္ပါေသးတယ္။
ဒါေပမယ့္.. I turned the door handle. ကၽြန္ေတာ္ တံခါးလက္ကုိင္ကုိ လွည့္တယ္။
I am the door handle. ..ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီေနရာမွာေတာ့ Turn က အထက္က Turn လုိ.. Copular Verb or Linking Verb မဟုတ္ေတာ့ပါဘူး။
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က တံခါးလက္ကုိင္ဆုိေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္လြဲေနျပီ ။
ဒီေနရာမွာ သိရမွာက....... Her face is red. သူ(မ) မ်က္ႏွာ နီတယ္။
Her face turns red. သူ(မ) မ်က္ႏွာ နီသြားတယ္.. ( ၾကိယာေထာက္ )
The leaves are yellow. သစ္ရြက္ေတြက ၀ါတယ္။
The leaves are turning yellow. သစ္ရြက္ေတြေတာင္ ၀ါလာျပီ။
.
Don't get angry.
Don't be angry.
He's growing old
သူ အသက္ၾကီးလာျပီ။
He's old.
သူက အုိေနျပီ။
Her dreams have come true.
သူ(မ)႔အိပ္မက္ေတြ တကယ္ျဖစ္လာျပီ
Her dreams are true.
သူ(မ) စိတ္ကူးအိပ္မက္ေတြက တကယ္ျဖစ္ေနတယ္။
The meat has gone bad.
The meat is bad.
The milk turned sour.
႔ႏုိ႔ေတြ ခ်ဥ္သြားတယ္။
The milk was sour.
ႏို႕ေတြ ခ်ဥ္ေနတယ္။
The well has run dry
- ေရတြင္းက ခန္းသြားျပီ။
The well is dry
ေရတြင္းက ခန္းတယ္။
His jokes are becoming boring.
သူ႔ဟာသေတြက ပ်င္းစရာေကာင္းလာျပီ။ ( မရယ္ရေတာ့ဘူး )
The material is wearing thin.
ပစၥည္းက ပါးလာတယ္။
A. Become
--------------
become apparent.
become clear
become difficult
become important
become available
become aware
become silent
become evident
become familiar
become possible
- She has become even more beautiful.(Adj)
သူ ပုိျပီးလွလာတယ္။
- She is beautiful.
သူက လွတယ္။
- She became a doctor. (N)
သူ ဆရာ၀န္ ျဖစ္သြားျပီ။
- She is a doctor.
သူ က ဆရာ၀န္။
- Her coat has become badly torn. (Adj)
သူ႔ ကုတ္အကၤ်ီက အေတာ္ စုတ္ေနျပီ။
- It was apparent that she was going to die.
သူ(မ) ဆုံးေတာ့မယ္ဆုိတာ သိသာတယ္။
- It become apparent that she was going to die.
သူ(မ) ဆုံးေတာ့မယ္ဆုိတာ သိသာလာတယ္။ ( ျမင္သာလာတယ္ )
- It is apparent to all of us that you haven't done your work properly.
မင္းအလုပ္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းမလုပ္ဘူးဆုိတာ ေပၚလြင္ပါတယ္။
- It becomes apparent to all of us that you haven't don't your work properly.
မင္းအလုပ္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းမလုပ္ဘူးဆုိတာ ေပၚလြင္လာျပီ။
- It is rapidly becoming clear ( to me) (that) I'm not suited to being a teacher.
ဆရာအလုပ္နဲ႕ ကၽြန္ေတာ္နဲ႕ မကုိက္ဘူးဆုိတာ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း ျဖစ္လာျပီ။
- He became suspicious when he saw the safe was open.
မီခံေသတၱာပြင့္ေနတာ ျမင္ေတာ့ သူ သံသယျဖစ္သြားတယ္။ ( မသကၤာ ျဖစ္သြားတယ္ )
- It is cold, so we lit the fire.
ေအးတယ္..ဒါေၾကာင့္ မီးဖုိလုိက္တယ္။
- It was becoming cold, so we lit the fire.
ေအးလာတယ္ ဒါေၾကာင့္ မီးဖုိလုိက္တယ္။
-Of the four million people who are vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.
ျဗိတိန္က သက္သက္လြတ္စားသူ ေလးသန္းအနက္မွ သုံးပုံႏွစ္ပုံနီးပါးဟာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြ ျဖစ္တယ္။
-Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.
ျဗိတိန္က သက္သက္လြတ္သမား ျဖစ္လာသူ ေလးသန္းအနက္မွ သုံးပုံနွစ္ပုံနီးပါးဟာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြ ျဖစ္ၾကတယ္။
- He is a US citizen.
သူက အေမရိကန္ႏုိင္ငံသား
-When did he become a US citizen?
သူ ဘယ္တုန္းက အေမရိကန္ နို္င္ငံသား ျဖစ္လာခဲ့တာလဲ။
People can become infected after eating raw or undercooked meat.
အသားစိမ္း သုိ႔မဟုတ္ မက်က္တက်က္ ခ်က္ထားတဲ့အသားေတြကုိ စားျပီးေနာက္ လူေတြ ေရာဂါပုိး၀င္တာ( ကူးစက္တာ ) ျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္။
-The full extent of the damage only became evident the following morning.
ပ်က္စီးမႈ အားလုံး၏ ပမာဏဟာ ေနာက္ေန႔မနက္ ခင္းမွသာ သိသာ ထင္ရွားေပၚလြင္လာတယ္။
- Sue stopped smoking when she became pregnant.
ကုိယ္၀န္ရိွလာေတာ့ ေဆးလိပ္ ျဖတ္လုိက္တယ္။
- She is pregnant. သူကုိယ္၀န္ရိွေနတယ္။
B. Get
--------
Get ကုိ. ေျပာင္းလဲေနတဲ ခံစားရအေတြ႕အၾကဳံ..၊ စိတ္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ.. ရုပ္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈေတြကုိ ေဖာ္ျပရာမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။
They helped Scott get ready.
သူတုိ႔ဟာ Scott ကုိ အဆင္သင့္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ကူညီတယ္။
It's getting colder.
ပုိေအးလာျပီ။
Well he's only gonna get worse.
And if she doesn't win, she either gets upset and cries or get angry.
And people get pissed off, don't they?
လူေတြ စိတ္ကုန္လာျပီ . မဟုတ္လား..
The police department is getting tough on crime.
ရဲဌာနေတာ့ မႈခင္းေတြကုိ ျပတ္ျပတ္သားသား ကုိင္တြယ္ေနျပီ ။ ( ပြဲၾကမ္းေနျပီ)
-I think it's time the police got tougher on/with ( = treated more severely) people who drink and drive.
အရက္ေသာက္ျပီး ေမာင္းတဲ့ ယာဥ္ေမာင္းေတြကုိ ပုိျပီး ျပတ္ျပတ္သားသား ကုိင္တြယ္ခ်ိန္ ေရာက္ျပီလုိ႕ငါ ယူဆတယ္။
get ready
get worse.
get upset
get angry
get pissed off
get mixed up
get cold
get bigger
get better
get bored
get dressed up
get drunk
get lost
get mad
get old/ older
get sick
get tired
get wet
- My bike got wet in the rain.
ငါ့စက္ဘီး မုိးေရစုိသြားတယ္။
- My bike is wet in the rain.
ငါ့ စက္ဘီး မုိးေရ စုိေနတယ္။
- She got too tired to walk.
သူ ေမာလာလုိ႔ လမ္းမေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး။ ( မေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ကုိ ေမာ )
- She was too tired to walk.
သူ ေမာလြန္းလုိ႔ လမ္းမေလွ်ာက္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး
The theater is dark.
ျပဇာတ္ရုံက ေမွာင္တယ္။
-The theater gets dark when the show is about to begin.
ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖမႈ စခါနီးေတာ့ ျပဇာတ္ရုံက ေမွာင္သြားတယ္။
- He gets really upset if you mention his baldness.
သူ႔ထိပ္ေျပာင္တာကုိ ထည့္ေျပာရင္ သူတကယ္ စိတ္ဆုိးမွာ။
- Is your cold getting any better?
အေအးမိတာ သက္သာလာျပီလား။
- Your coffee's getting cold.
မင္း ေကာ္ဖီေတြ ေအးေနျပီ ။ ( ေအးလာျပီ )
- After a while you get used to all the noise.
မၾကာခင္ ခင္ဗ်ား ဒီဆူဆူညံညံ အသံေတြနဲ႕ ေနသားက်သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္။
- You're getting quite a big boy now, aren't you!
( မင္းေတာ္ေတာ္ ထြားလာတာပဲ..)
- He got fed up with all the travelling he had to do.
( ျငီးေငြ႕ စိတ္ပ်က္လာျပီ )
The trouble with this carpet is that it gets dirty very easily.
ျပႆနာက ဒီေကာေဇာကအရမ္း ညစ္ပတ္လြယ္တာ။
Your essay gets a bit confused halfway through when you introduce too many ideas at once.
The music just gets distorted when you play it so loud.
It was getting dark now and we were tired.
[ + to infinitive ] How did you get to be a belly dancer?
C. Go
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-( မလုပ္ခ်င္ေသာ၊ မျဖစ္ခ်င္ေသာ) အေျခအေနတစ္ရပ္ သုိ႕ ေျပာင္းတာမ်ိဳးမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။
You can't go wrong with that , can you ?
အဲ့ဒါ မွားလုိ႕ မရဘူးေနာ္.
Yeah I know . I would go mad.
-Mama is crazy .
Mama က ေဂါက္ေနတာ။
-Mama will go crazy.
Mama ရူးေတာ့မယ္။
go crazy
go mad
go wrong
go bad
go cold
go deaf
go funny
go limp
go quiet
go red
go wild
go limp
- These apples have gone bad.
ဒီပန္းသီးေတြ ပုပ္ကုန္ျပီ။
- Paul will go mad when he finds out you've broken his watch.
မင္းေၾကာင့္ သူနာရီကြဲသြားတာ သိလုိ႔ကေတာ့ Paul မင္းကုိ စိတ္ဆုိးေတာ့မွာ။
- Because the book's so old, the pages are going yellow.
စာအုပ္က ေဟာင္းလြန္းေတာ့ စာရြက္ေတြက ၀ါ ကုန္ျပီ။
- The cars pull away when the lights go green.
မီးေတြစိမ္းေတာ့ ကားေတြ သြားၾကတယ္။
The lights are green. မီးပိြဳင္႔က စိမ္းေနတာ။ (အေျခအေန )
The lights go green. မီးပိြဳင္႔ စိမ္းျပီ။ ( ေျပာင္းသြားတာ)
-Many small businesses went broke during the recession.
စီးပြားေရး က်ဆင္းမႈမွာ အေသးစားလုပ္ငန္မ်ားစြာဟာ ေငြေၾကး မေခ်ာင္လည္ၾဘူး။ ( ဘုိင္ျပတ္ )
- He goes all misty-eyed whenever he hears that song.
အဲ့ဒီ သီခ်င္းေလးၾကားတုိင္း သူမ်က္ရည္၀ုိင္းလာတယ္။
- Her father's going senile/blind/deaf.
သူ႔အေဖ သူငယ္ျပန္သြားျပီ။
Her father's going blind.
မ်က္စိကြယ္သြား၊
Her father's going deaf.
နားေလးသြား
If anything goes wrong , you can call our emergency hotline free of charge.
After 12 years of Republican presidents, the US went Democratic in 1992.
The idea of going grey doesn't bother me, but I'd hate to go bald.
D. Grow
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- တျဖည္းျဖည္း ေျပာင္းလာတာမ်ိဳး.....လူ႕ပေယာဂေၾကာင့္နဲ႕ အျခားအေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင့္.
We should grow old here together.
The wind dropped and it suddenly grew cold.
The girl's deep black eyes grew darker.
She continued to lose weight and grow weaker.
Some couples are lucky enough to grow old together.
He grew bored of the countryside.
Growing old is so awful.
grow tired/old/calm,
- Her hair has grown long.
သူမ ဆံပင္ေတြ ရွည္ေနျပီ။
grow old ..
grow angry
grow big
grow bright
grow cold
grow dark
grow hot
grow pale
grow tall
grow tired
grow warm
grow weak
grow calm,
ပုိအုိလာတယ္... ပုိေသးလာတယ္.. ပုိအားနည္းလာတယ္..ပုိ၍ပူလာတယ္ ပုိဆုိးလာတယ္..စသည္ျဖင့္။
သူတုိ႕ေနာက္မွာ Comparative adjective ေတြလည္းလုိက္ပါတယ္။
grow bigger
grow weaker
grow worse
PROVE
======
Prove costly
Prove decisive
Prove difficult
Prove fatal
Prove necessary
Prove popular
Prove possible
Prove successful
Prove suitable
Prove useful
Prove wrong
- His suspicions proved (to be) correct.
သူ သံသယျဖစ္သည့္အတုိင္း မွန္ကန္ေၾကာင္းေတြ႔ရသည္။
- This tool proved very useful.
ဒီကိရိယာဟာ အလြန္အသုံး၀င္ေၾကာင္းေတြ႕ရတယ္။
( This tool is very useful )
- Building the house proves difficult for them.
သူတုိ႔အဖုိ႔ အိမ္ေဆာက္တာ မလြယ္ေၾကာင္းေတြ႔ရတယ္။
( Building the house is difficult for them.)
( It is difficult for them to build the house. )
-The operation proved a complete success.
The dispute over the song rights proved impossible to resolve.
The new treatment has proved to be a disaster.
The army has proved ineffective in protecting the civilian population.
The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved very unpopular.
The government's claim that it would reduce taxes proved false.
Such data will prove invaluable to researchers.
Come
-------
Come alive
Come awake
Come clean
Come loose
Come short
Come true
Come unstuck
A wire has come loose at the back.
အေနာက္မွာ ၀ါယာၾကိဳး တစ္ခု ေခ်ာင္ေနတယ္ .( ေလ်ာ့တိ၊ ေလ်ာ့ရဲျဖစ္ေန )
The door came open for no apparent reason.
တံခါးက ဘာေၾကာင့္မွန္းမသိ ပြင့္သြားတယ္။ ( တံခါးၾကီး ပြင္လာတယ္ )
Dreams come true when we believe in them.
ယုံၾကည္ရင္ စိတ္ကူး အိပ္မက္ ( ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ )ေတြ တကယ္ျဖစ္လာမွာပါ။
TURN
-------
Turn Brown
Turn black
Turn red
Turn white
Turn pale
- His hair is gray.
သူ႕ဆံပင္ျဖဴတယ္။
His hair turned gray. ( has turned )
သူ႔ဆံပင္ ျဖဴကုန္ျပီ။
- The weather has suddenly turned cold.
ရာသီဥတုက ရုတ္တရက္ ေအးလာတယ္။။
- The weather is cold
ရာသီဥတုေအးတယ္။
- When I refused to pay, he turned nasty.
ငါ ပုိက္ဆံ မေပးဘူးျငင္းေတာ့ .. သူေဒါပြသြားတယ္။
- She turned nasty when I refuse to go with her.
အတူမသြားဘူးလုိ႔ ေျပာလုိက္ေတာ့ သူ(မ) ေဒါပြသြားတယ္။
- She turned pale and started to shiver.
သူ(မ) ေသြးဆုတ္သြားျပီးေတာ့ ဆတ္ဆတ္တုန္ေတာ့တာပဲ။
The embers turn ashy as they cool.
မီးက်ီးခဲေတြ ျငိမ္းသြားေတာ့ ( ေအးသြားေတာ့ ) ျပာျဖစ္သြားတယ္။
Turn out, End up / wind up
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ဒီ Phrasal verb ေတြကုိလည္း Linking Verb အေနျဖင့္သုံးပါတယ္။ အသုံးနည္းေပမယ့္ . ေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။
Turn out ကုိ(ကိစၥ) ျဖစ္စဥ္တစ္ခုရဲ႕ အဆုံးမွတ္ကုိ ကုိ အေလးအနက္ ျပဳေျပာဆုိတဲ့အခါ သုံးပါတယ္။
- I fell in the paint and ended up green
ငါ ေဆး( ပုံ) ထဲ လဲက်တာ ျပီး (တကုိယ္လုံး ) စိမ္းသြားပါေလေရာ။
- A lot of times they turned out wrong.
- The marriage will turn out all right.
End up / Wind up ကုိ မရည္ရြယ္ထားေသာ အျပဳသေဘာမေဆာင္သည့္ အျဖစ္အပ်က္၊ တစ္စုံတစ္ေယာက္ ၏ ဆႏၵမရိွေသာလုပ္ရပ္၏ အက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈ အေျခအေနကုိ ေဖာ္ျပရာမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။
- And this argument went on, Danny ended up in tears and I ended up really angry.
- And the young bucks who tore the place apart, challenging the far north with their frail planes, invariably wound up dead.
He says Marilyn ended up pregnant after her affair with President Kennedy.
-But If you did manage to get her back with her husband again, I'm sure she would end up forever suspicious, bitter and soured.
Turn out + good , nasty, nice, all right , wrong
End up + angry
wind up dead
end up pregnant
end up forever
-I was depressed but I drank so much coffee that I ended up lively
ငါ ထုိင္းမိႈင္းေနတာ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေကာ္ဖီေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး ေသာက္လုိက္မွပဲ လန္းသြားေတာ့တယ္။ ( အမ်ားၾကီး
- I never thought I would end up a movie star. (noun phrase)
ဒီလုိ ရုပ္ရွင္ မင္းသား တစ္ေယာက္ ျဖစ္လာခဲ့မယ္ တစ္ခါမွ မေတြးဖူးဘူး။
( I never thought I would be a movie star)
- I never thought I would end up rich and famous. (adjectives)
( I never thought I would be rich and famous )
- The truth turned out ( to be) stranger than we had expected.
အမွန္တရားဟာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားတာထက္ ပုိျပီး အံျသစရာေကာင္းေနတယ္ဆုိတာ သိလာရတယ္။
- He turned out( to be) right.
သူမွန္သြားတယ္။
( He is right )
- You don't want to wind up homeless, do you?
မင္း အုိးမဲ့ အိမ္မဲ့ ( အိမ္ေျခမဲ့ ) ဘ၀နဲ႕ အဆုံး မသတ္ခ်င္ဘူး မွတ္လာ။ ( မဟုတ္လား )
- You don't want to be homeless, do you ?
မင္းအိမ္ယာမဲ့ မျဖစ္ခ်င္ဘူး မဟုတ္လား။
-She'll end up penniless if she carries on spending like that.
ဒီလုိသာ ဆက္သုံးေနရင္ တျပားမွ က်န္မွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ( တျပားမွ မက်န္ဘဲ ဇတ္သိမ္းသြားမယ္ )
Penniless (adj) having no money = ျခဴးတစ္ျပားမရိွေသာ
( She will be penniless )
Hold + Adj စသည့္ ပုံစံႏွင့္
အျခားေသာ ပုံစံကြဲေတြ ရိွပါတယ္။
- ကုိယ္တုိင္ေလ့လာႏုိင္ပါေစ။..
The old adage that 'money talks' still holds true ( = is still true) .
It still holds good. ေကာင္းတုန္းပဲ။
It is still good. ေကာင္းတုန္းပဲ။
The valley lay quiet and peaceful in the sun.( adj)
She sat motionless, waiting for their decision. (adj)
He fell unconscious on the floor. (adj)
Children find it difficult to sit/stand/stay still for very long.
I can't brush your hair if you don't keep/hold still.
No. 1 ကုိလည္း အေသးစိတ္ တင္ေပးပါမယ္။
ကုိးကား.Guide to English Sentence Patterns.by AS Homby.
- Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 3rd Edition.
- Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English
- Student's English- English /Myanmar Dictionar.
- Practical English Usage : Michael Swan
အေဟာင္းေတြ ျပန္ရွာျပီး စုတင္ေပးပါမယ္.။... အရင္က ဟာတစ္ေပါင္းတည္းျဖစ္ေအာင္လုိ႔.. (.
နင့္ရုပ္ၾကီးက ဆုိးလုိက္တာ.........smile emoticon smile emoticon
မင္းလက္ေလးက ႏူ႕ညံေနတာပဲ.
သူ႕အသံေလးက သာယာလုိက္တာ
ပန္းကေလးက ေမႊးေနလုိက္တာ
လိပ္ျပာေလးက လွတယ္။ စသည့္ အာရုံေတြထဲကေန..
ရူပါရုံ ...Sight . .နဲ႔ပါတ္သတ္တာကုိ အဂၤလိပ္လုိ လြယ္လြယ္ေလးေတြးနဲ႕ ေျပာက်င့္ရေအာင္။
Look at the butterfly.
It looks beautiful. ဒီေန႕ရာမွာ Look ကုိဘာသာျပန္ မေနပဲ is အေနနဲ႕သာ ဆုိၾကည့္ရင္ အဆင္ေျပပါတယ္။ It is beautiful. လိပ္ျပာေလးက လွလုိက္တာပဲေပါ့။ Verb of incomplete Predication လုိ႕ေခၚတယ္။ Linking Verb လုိ႕လည္းေခၚပါတယ္။... Adjective အဓိပၸါယ္..ေသာ ကေန .....တယ္၊ ......သည္ ျဖစ္သြားတယ္။
ပုဂံမွာ ေန၀င္ဆည္းဆာၾကည့္တယ္ဆုိပါစုိ႕။
1. Look at the sunset.
It looks beautiful.
လွလုိက္တာ..
မုိးရြာျပီးစ ..ေကာင္းကင္ၾကီးမွာ သက္တန္႕ၾကီးကုိ ကေလးဘ၀က ေပ်ာ္ရြင္စြာ အသံနဲ႕.
သက္တန္႕ၾကီး ၾကည့္လုိက္ပါအုံး...
2.look at the rainbow.
It looks amazing!
အရုပ္ဆုိးဆုိး မ်က္ႏွာဖုံးၾကီးတစ္ခု ဆုိပါစုိ႕.
3.Look at the mask.
It looks ugly.
ညအခ်ိန္ စလုိက္မီးေတြ အျပည့္နဲ႕ ေရႊေရာင္ေတြလင္းျဖာေနတဲ့ ျမင္ကြင္းကုိ ျပည္သူ႕ဥယ်ာဥ္အေရွ႕ကပဲျဖတ္ျဖတ္၊ ဘယ္နားက ၾကည့္ၾကည့္ ေျပာျဖစ္မဲ့ စကားေလးပါ။ (အခုေတာ့ လူေတြက သူတုိ႕ပဲ အပုိင္ ဖူးေမွ်ာ္ဖုိ႕ အထပ္ျမင့္ၾကီးေတြနဲ႕ ကြယ္ခ်င္ေနျပီ )
4.Look at the Shwedagon.
It looks wonderful!
It looks magnificent !
It looks beautiful
ဧရာ၀တီ ျမစ္ၾကီးေဘးမွာ ၾကယ္ေတြၾကည့္ျပီး ဂီတာတဲ့ ညေတြ၊ စစ္ကုိင္း ပုထုိးေတာ္ၾကီးေပၚက ျမင္ရတဲ့ ျမင္ကြင္းေတြ၊ကုိေတြးၾကည့္ျပီ...
5. Look at the Irrawaddy
It looks amazing!
It looks breathtaking !
ေစ်းသြားရတဲ့ သူေတြ သုံးရမဲ႕ စကားလုံးေလး။ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံေတာ့ ပုံေပၚတယ္၊ ဟန္ရိွတယ္.. အသြင္ရိွတယ္.. လကၡဏာရိွတယ္ စသည့္ျဖင့္ သင့္သလုိ ဘာသာျပန္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဘာသာမျပန္ပဲ ေလ့က်င့္ရင္ ပုိျပီး အေျပာျမန္ႏုိင္မယ္ယူဆပါတယ္။
6. That fish looks rotten. ငါးေတြက လတ္ပုံမရဘူး။ ( Rotten =decayed
7. You looks happy.
ကိတ္မုန္႕ေတြဖုတ္ထားတယ္ဆုိပါစုိ႕ အခ်ိန္လြန္သြားတယ္။
8. They don't' look good.
9.How does the butterfly look?
လိပ္ျပာေလးက ဘယ္လုိလဲ ( ဘယ္လုိပုံလဲ )
It looks beautiful.
10. How does the the rose look?
11. How does the Shwedagon look?
12. How does the Irrawaddy look?
က်န္တဲ့ ...အာရုံေတြ .. တခုျပီးတစ္ခု ေရးသြားပါမယ္.. ေအာ္ဖတ္ၾကည့္ပါ
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